Thought leadership post

by Denes Pelyhe | Sep 27, 2025 | Thought Leadership

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Beyond Advantage: The Quantum Education Gap We Must Close Now

by Denes Pelyhe | Nov 13, 2025 | Thought Leadership

Quantum advantage is coming – but the world isn’t ready

Quantum hardware developers promise “quantum advantage” – the moment a quantum computer surpasses a classical one on a useful task – by 2030-2035. It is likely happening in that timeframe, since many companies are working on quantum hardware: giants, like IBM, Google, Microsoft, Intel, and a lot of startups, like IonQ, Quantinuum, D-Wave, Rigetti, PsiQuantum, Xanadu, Pasqal, QuEra, IQM and a few more. A lot of talented individuals are working on perfecting the hardware and the software stacks.

But outside of this quantum tech bubble people don’t know too much about quantum computing.

• Awareness is low, but the term is familiar: A 2024 UK study by the QCS Hub found that while 60% of people had heard of quantum computers, only 11% claimed to have “more than a little knowledge”.
• Unfamiliarity is the norm: A July 2025 survey on advanced technologies by the Chicago Council on Global Affairs was very direct, stating that a large majority of Americans (79%) are “somewhat or very unfamiliar” with quantum computing. Germany and France are not much better either: a 2025 European survey by YouGov found that while 78% of adults in France and Germany were aware of the term “quantum technology”, but only one third of respondents had a good level of understanding about what quantum is, and 49% had heard of it but didn’t know what it is.
• Excitement about potential: The same European survey found that despite a low level of technical understanding, there is excitement about the potential. People were most optimistic about its impact on healthcare (53%), energy (47%), and cybersecurity (44%).

Where are the gaps?

Quantum advantage will be a missed opportunity if only a small minority can use it. When powerful enough quantum computers will be ready, when we reach the quantum advantage, we have to be ready to use them. Right now, we are facing three critical gaps:

• The hardware: Quantum computers are not powerful enough. But as mentioned before, a lot of companies and universities are working on research. Quantum advantage will very probably be reached by 2030-2035.
• The algorithms: Quantum computers will only be useful, if they can execute algorithms solving real life problems – and solving them faster than classical computers. We need to have a lot more algorithms. Today we only have a few hundreds of them (quantumalgorithmzoo.org lists 74), with a few dozen major, distinct algorithmic classes.
• The talent: The algorithms are developed by people. Today we have roughly 20-30 million software developers in the world, but only a tiny fraction, less than 0.1% can program quantum computers. We need a lot more people who can come up with new algorithms and who can program quantum computers.

How to bridge the gaps?

The gap is wide, but it is not too late to start working on it.

• Policymakers have to get the education system ready to teach quantum computing. Basic concepts can be introduced at a young age, even before university: a 2023 study by Quantinuum and the University of Oxford found that high school students, using a math-free, picture-based teaching method, could pass a postgraduate-level quantum exam. Policymakers should support integrating quantum computing concepts into school curricula, incentivize universities to create flexible online courses for professionals, and fund national awareness campaigns. Tax breaks and grants should be used to incentivize corporate training and upskilling for the existing software developer workforce.
• Businesses must invest. Business leaders have to get their businesses ready to use quantum computers. Investing in this after quantum advantage will be reached is too late: they will have a competitive disadvantage against other companies waking up earlier.
• Quantum computing companies have to provide training, online courses for professionals. There is a growing number of university courses, but we need flexible online programs for the existing, not yet quantum trained developers, and accessible courses for business leaders. It is in these companies best interest to get as many people as possible ready to develop new and powerful quantum algorithms.
• Media and the arts can be used to spark fascination. Moving beyond reporting qubit counts and using storytelling, art, film, and even video games will help make the general public more aware of quantum computing. Raising awareness is key to finding the talent who’ll solve the problems of the next generation.

Technology is moving fast, but education has to catch up. It is key to unlock the full potential of quantum computing.